Tucked away deep inside IIT Bombay�s
soothing green campus is the SINE (Society for Innovation and
Entrepreneurship), more endearingly called the �cr�che�. Right
now, a lot many eager ideas and hopes are being nurtured here,
some of which provide a sense of urgency to the place. SINE is
one of 20-odd incubators that are nurturing about 100
technology startups across India at present, and so far we�ve
uncovered just a few inches of a rather interesting canvas.
Another estimated 1,400 startups are giving shape to ideas
born inside R&D labs run by technology multinationals,
management school classrooms, shop floors of Indian IT
services giants and some transported all the way from Silicon
Valley by returning Indian tech workers. We find them
everywhere � Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai and
Pune. The evidence suggests that something big and exciting is
underway: India appears to be on the threshold of a technology
entrepreneurship resurgence � one that in many respects is
vastly different from its predecessor, the ill-fated �dotcom�
era.
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Ganapathy Subramaniam,
CEO Cosmic Circuits,
Bangalore Subramaniam and four
colleagues quit Texas Instruments (India) to set
up Cosmic Circuits in 2005. The company is
developing IP in analogue
design. | | |
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Kavita Iyer,
CEO Minglebox,
Bangalore Iyer and three associates
founded Minglebox in 2006. It is developing a
social networking site and is looking for Series
A
funding. | | |
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In Bangalore, 250 new startups have sprung up since
January. TiE�s (The Indus Entrepreneurs�) Bangalore and Mumbai
chapters have seen a spurt in attendance at their events.
�Suddenly, we�re running out of seats. Six months ago, it was
difficult to fill even 20,� says Sridhar Mitta, who heads TiE
Bangalore. IIM Bangalore�s entrepreneur club has had similar
experiences. �Membership has jumped significantly in the last
12 months,� says Kalyani Gandhi, head of the Nadathur S.
Raghavan Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning (NSRCEL). IIT
Madras is incubating six new startups. And back in Mumbai,
SINE is incubating 16, the highest it has seen since
1999-2000.
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Sridhar Vembu, co-founder and
CEO AdventNet,
Chennai Founded by Sridhar, Sekar and
Kumar Vembu and two others in 1996, its product
Zoho-Writer is among the two hottest web-based
word processors. It has been self funded till
date. | | |
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Girish Kumar, founder and
CEO Wilcom, Mumbai The IIT-B
professor withdrew 99 per cent of his retirement
savings to develop over 150 telecom related
products. He has recently secured Series A
funding worth Rs 1.3
crore. | | |
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We also discover a heartening development � social
networking among entrepreneurs, investors and customers,
Silicon Valley style. BarCamps � a phenomenon that originated
in Palo Alto, California, around mid-2005, to get techies to
share ideas in an environment sans the strictures of a formal
conference � now frequent most Indian metros (see �Raising The
Bar� on page 40). Business plan contests and mentoring camps
have also taken off. This February, TiE and Menlo Park-based
Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ) hosted the India Venture
Challenge, which saw 125 first-generation entrepreneurs
participate. The $150,000 grand prize was split between
Vegayan Systems (Mumbai) and NCE Technologies (Bangalore).
A second group of people has now joined the party: venture
capitalists (VCs). Danish tech investor Morten Lund, who was
one of the seed investors in Luxembourg-based Skype � the
startup that turned the long-distance calling business on its
head by developing an application that allowed PC-to-PC voice
calls � is backing a $150-million Europe-India fund called
Amaya Ventures. It will invest in early to growth stage tech
companies. Next is Silicon Valley�s most successful VC in 2005
� DFJ founder Timothy C. Draper. He�s raising a $200-million
India fund for tech startups. Boston-based Matrix Partners has
just set up a $150-million India fund and Palo Alto-based
Sutter Hill Ventures is a key sponsor of the $140-million
Helion Ventures that debuted this August in Bangalore. Then
come the Silicon Valley entrepreneur-investors. Kanwal Rekhi
is raising a $150-million fund called Inventus, and Vinod Dham
and Vani Kola are heading a $150-million US-India fund of New
Enterprise Associates (NEA).
More than 44 US-based VCs are said to be lining up direct
and indirect funds for India, says recent industry research.
The money that is likely to come in is estimated at over $2
billion. A good part of this will be seed-to-early stage
money. The actual investment numbers don�t as yet match the
startup numbers. In 2005, VC and angel investors put in $115
million in 20 tech startups, says research firm Venture
Intelligence. But there has been a gradual improvement. In
2004, investments were at $82 million in 13 companies. The
first six months of 2006 have already seen 25 deals worth $78
million. The higher number of deals implies that VCs are doing
more early-stage deals in the $250,000-$1 million bracket.
While the action seems to have hit fever pitch in the past
nine months, the actual build-up is at least three years old.
Since early 2003, three powerful forces have been working in
parallel. First, changes in marketplace dynamics; second,
shifts in global VC investment patterns; and third, the
emergence of entrepreneurs who have the winning combination of
patience and tenacity to go the distance. In the past nine
months, these three forces have started converging rather
swiftly. That has turned the buzz into a steady drone.
We�ll take a moment here to ask a question: Will the
convergence that is underway put India on the map as the next
big nerve centre for technology innovation, a la Silicon
Valley?
Silicon Valley East
The
answer to that question rests with two primary actors � the
entrepreneurs and venture capitalists. Not since the dotcom
boom has India seen such a frenzy in terms of new companies
being formed and greenbacks being lined up to fund them. In
the past nine months alone, roughly 1,000 startups have sprung
up across the country. Out of these, an estimated 50 have
roped in funding of some sort. If you compare like to like,
the numbers are nowhere close to those in the dotcom era �
5,000 startups roped in some $2.2 billion in funding between
1999 and early 2001. This is only the beginning of the
differences between the two eras � a factor that could make
all the difference to the fate of the current one.
Most folks who lived through the 1999-2001 era recall it
with a degree of bitterness. But on the flip side, the bust
was the best thing that happened to technology
entrepreneurship in India. It laid the ground for the
emergence of a more resilient bunch of entrepreneurs. And in
the three-year nuclear winter that followed, some interesting
business models have emerged around opportunities that had
either taken a back seat or had not been explored at all due
to the Internet hype.
This brings up the first big difference from the dotcom
era. While that phase saw innovation mostly around one
opportunity, the Internet, this time it is spread across six �
consumer Internet, semiconductors, gaming and animation,
wireless communication, SaaS (software-as-a-service), and
telecom and software products. The diversity helps in a couple
of ways. One, each segment is at a different stage of maturity
and the business models are still being defined. That gives
entrepreneurs more space to innovate. Take semiconductors �
much of the work centres around back-end chip design. Example:
the chip that runs Apple�s iPod was fine-tuned by
Hyderabad-based Pinexe Systems. The chip itself was
manufactured in Taiwan because India does not have a
manufacturing base yet. Companies like inSilica and MosChip
are betting on this space. Second, since some segments are
more nascent than others, it lengthens the period of
innovation, making this resurgence more sustainable. The odds
for throwing up world-class technology leaders are, therefore,
that much higher.
We picked three areas that already have the potential to
produce winners � consumer Internet, wireless communications
and SaaS. Over the past couple of years, these segments have
experienced one big change � the emergence of a large and
growing domestic market. Take the consumer Internet space. In
the past six years, India�s Internet user base has jumped from
1 million to over 35 million on the back of increased
broadband penetration and PC usage. In the near future, most
Indians may access the Internet from their mobile phones. This
implies a combined Internet user base of over 150 million.
Service providers like Airtel and Hutch have started offering
subscribers value-added services that enable even banking
transactions on mobiles using the Internet.
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